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Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Romania under Communism Paradox and Degenerationįirst published 2019 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2019 Dennis Deletant The right of Dennis Deletant to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. book-series/CEE 1 Hungary since 1945 Árpád von Klimó, translated by Kevin McAleer 2 Romania under Communism Denis Deletant 3 Bulgaria under Communism Ivaylo Znepolski, Mihail Gruev, Momtchil Metodiev, Martin Ivanov, Daniel Vatchkov, Ivan Elenkov, Plamen Doynow

Routledge Histories of Central and Eastern Europe Dennis Deletant is Visiting Ion Raţiu Professor of Romanian Studies in the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, Washington DC, and Emeritus Professor of Romanian Studies at University College, London. The course of that trajectory is the subject of this inquiry. That trajectory has its origins in the social structures, attitudes and policies in the pre-Communist period. An appropriate point of departure is the observation that Romania’s trajectory as a Communist state within the Soviet bloc was unlike that of any other.

The passage of little over a quarter of a century since the overthrow in December 1989 of Romania’s last Communist leader, Nicolae Ceauşescu, offers a symbolic standpoint from which to penetrate that shadow and to throw light upon the entire period of Communist rule in the country.

Communism has cast a long shadow over Romania.